The Camera Obscura
The name 'Camera Obsura' means 'darkened room' in Latin. They are used to project an upside-down image onto some tracing paper or whatever is on the end of a lens. The concept of the Camera Obsura was thought up by the Arab inventor, Alhuzen, in the 9th century.
The camera obcura was used to project a clear image. This was very useful to many 19th century artists like Leonardo Da Vinci, as they could project an image onto a canvas, and trace over the projection, for more accuracy. This also helped them capture more perspective in their painting. |
Photograms
Photograms were one of the first forms of photography. They are in black and white. William Henry Fox Talbot invented Photograms, or 'Photogenic Drawings', as he called them. He would use them for Taking images of leaves in his garden.
Photograms are made by putting objects on light sensitive paper, and shining white-light onto the paper. The way light sensitive paper works, is that the paper goes black in white lights, so if you cover the light by putting an object in the way, the outline of the object will show up on the paper. Afterwards you put the paper into 2 different chemicals: 'Developer' and 'finisher', also called 'stop', for 3 roughly minutes. Finally you place in in water, also for around 3 minutes, and dry it. It is best to develop them in a darkroom witch must have red lighting. This is because white-lighting can affect the image. |